Law serves a variety of purposes, including keeping a nation peaceful, maintaining the status quo, protecting minorities against a majority, promoting social justice, and providing orderly social change. Different legal systems serve these purposes differently, and some do a better job than others. Authoritarian governments, for example, often rely on law to oppress political opponents and minorities. Colonialism, on the other hand, often imposed peace to a nation as a result of its conquest. For example, Britain, France, and Spain often built their empires by imposing law and peace.

Principles of the inner morality of law

Lon L. Fuller developed eight principles of the inner morality of law that were a critical contribution to the rule of law and legal philosophy. His claim sparked the ‘natural law versus legal positivism’ debate. More recently, Fuller’s ideas have experienced a resurgence of interest. This makes his scholarly agenda worthy of further consideration.

In Principles of the Inner Morality of Law, Fuller identifies the inner morality of law, arguing that law is a moral commitment. This theory is based on the idea that morality and law are intertwined and cannot be separated. This thesis has been challenged by H.L.A. Hart, who questioned whether Fuller’s principles were morally sound.

Legality

The notion of legitimacy has undergone radical transformations in modernity, with the development of the nation-state at its core. Traditionally, the notion of legitimacy referred to the authority of a monarch, patriarch, or religious institution. The modern process has moved the concept of legitimacy in the modern world inward toward individual intellectual sovereignty.

The sociology of law, a distinct branch of sociology, focuses on the nature of legitimacy. Weber’s taxonomy of legal legitimacy, for instance, identifies legitimacy as an intangible but measurable component of social collectivity. This conception forms the background for Kantian analyses of law.

Accessibility

The United Kingdom has several different laws regulating access to websites. The EU web accessibility directive, implemented by the Public Sector Bodies Accessibility Regulations, came into effect in 2018. These regulations will remain in force once the UK leaves the EU. The new law requires public sector websites created on or after 23 September 2018 to meet certain requirements, and mobile applications must be accessible by 23 June 2021.

These laws protect the rights of people with disabilities, including health care, education, travel, and financial privacy. Federal agencies are required to make their websites accessible to people with disabilities. The law also protects the rights of the public, such as schools and businesses accepting federal financial aid.

Intelligibility

The principle of intelligibility in law has two distinct aspects. First, it cannot be directly proved or deduced from other principles, and second, it is not reducible to a mathematical formula. Rather, its justification consists of indirect evidence that demonstrates the principle cannot be denied without contradiction.

Intelligibility in law is the ability to understand legal systems and their underlying facts. It is closely linked to the concept of legal certainty. In order to define intelligibility in law, one should first define what makes a legal system comprehensible to a layperson. This can be done by studying how laws have developed and how they were conceived.

Institutional character

The institutional character of law is important for understanding how law operates. It should unfold as an important social phenomenon and embrace the values, norms, and goals of the society in which it is formulated. In other words, it should reflect the Volksgeist. It should be able to give meaning and purpose to the life of the nation.

Legal institutions are structured by the character of the authority governing them. This institutionalization process is motivated by the assumption that an authority is justified in exercising its power. Furthermore, a legal act is only an act of law if it is authenticated by an authoritative authority.